企业"绿色度"的模糊评价模型与应用

"绿色度"是绿色的程度或与环境友好的程度.分析了企业"绿色度"绩效评价的理论基础,讨论了在众多因素影响下关于企业"绿色度"绩效评价的指标体系;采用专家法确定各因素权重;运用多层模糊综合评价原理进行系统评价.并通过一个化工厂的实例验证了所建立模型与求解方法的正确性与实用性.     

Characterization of aliphatic hydrocarbons in deep subsurface soils near the outskirts of Beijing, China

Thirty-nine deep subsurface soils( 150—180 cm depth) near the outskirts of Beijing were investagated. The concentrations including n-alkanes from C13 to C36, pristane and phytane were in the range of 0.60 to 170.10μg/g, with a median value of 4.26. Carbon preference index values for n-alkanes ranged from 1.08 to 2.98, with a median value of 1.48. The percentage contribution of “wax” nalkanes was in the range of 6.03%--46.22%. A predominance of odd/even carbon n-alkanes and unresolved complex mixtures with different shapes and ranges were frequently observed. Factor analysis reduced the data set into three principal components and confirming contributions from low ( 19.58% ), medium ( 20.49% ) molecular weight species and long-chain n-alkanes (43.41% ), respectively.Molecular biomarkers such as pristane, phytane, hopanes and steranes were detected. Based on the principal component analysis, the concentration profiles and molecular markers, it was found that the aliphatic hydrocarbons were from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources.     

A new method of predicting of gas chromatographic retention indices for polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)

A new method has been developed to describe the quantitative relationship between molecular structures of PCDFs and their gas chromatographic retention indices on a 30-m fused silica column coated with DB-5 stationary phase. The regression equation is derived with a multiple correlation coefficient greater than 0.9995. The highest residual is 20 index units. The standard deviation is less than 7 index units. Using this regression equation, the retention indices of PCDFs for which data is not available have also been predicted.     

Phytoplankton Community and Chlorophyll a as Trophic State Indices of Lake Skadar (Montenegro,Balkan) (7 pp)

Background, Aims and Scope Phytoplankton, as a first step in trophic cascades of lakes, can be a good indicator of trophic states, considering that every environmental change affects this community and many species of this community are sensitive to changes, and that they response very quickly. In this study, we tried to assess and predict the trophic state of Lake Skadar according to phytoplankton data.Methods Water samples were collected using Ruttner sampling bottle. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, conductivity and transparence were measured in situ using portable equipment. Nutrients and chlorophyll a were measured using standard spectrophotometric methods. A determination of phytoplankton species was performed using relevant keys and the counting of cells was performed using sedimentation methods.Results and Discussion The species composition of Lake Skadar revealed 95 taxa, with Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae being represented best. According to an average chlorophyll a concentration of 5.9 µg/l, Lake Skadar belongs to the mesotrophic level of the trophic scale. Developed prediction equation for chlorophyll a revealed a good prediction (R2=0.71) and the parameter Secchi depth was primarily correlated with chlorophyll a concentration. Trophic state indices derived from chlorophyll a and transparency, were close together, but both were below the phosphorous index. Values of trophic state indices rank the Lake Skadar as being mesotrophic. This study also showed that indices of diversity based on phytoplankton are weak indicators of trophic status and that they can well characterize only differences between assemblages and associations. According to calculated saprobic indices (ranging from 1.5 to 2.15), Lake Skadar is on betamesosaprobic level of saprobity, which means that it is moderately polluted with organic compounds. Conclusions Total phosphorus is not the main limiting factor for the phytoplankton community in Lake Skadar. Disagreements between chlorophyll and the transparency index, on the one hand, and the total phosphorus index, on the other, suggest that the phytoplankton in Lake Skadar is probably limited by other factors than phosphorus, such as nitrogen, toxic substances or intense zooplankton grazing. According to the majority of investigated parameters and indices derived from phytoplankton data, Lake Skadar is mesotrophic, with tendencies toward eutrophic levels during the summer period. Recommendations and Outlook Long-term monitoring is required for a better estimation of state and the conditions of Lake Skadar. Further studies on factors influencing the phytoplankton community, especially zooplankton grazing and toxic substances, which were not included in this study, should be continued in the future to improve the efficiency of phytoplankton usage in estimating the ecological and trophic conditions of Lake Skadar.     

取代苯乙酮类有机物溶解度和分配系数的测定

本文采用产生柱法测定取代苯乙酮类有机物的水溶解度和正辛醇-水分配系数,与静态法和振荡法测定的水溶解度、摇瓶法测定的正辛醇-水分配系数相比较,证明此方法是可行的,并和分子连接性指数呈良好的相关性。     

QSAR计算中的分子连接性指数法

本文介绍了分子连接性指数法和原理及各阶指数的计算方法，以及在ＱＳＡＲ计算中的应用实例，并对特殊连接性指数的用法作了分析。     

Eco-environmental benefit assessment of China''''s South-North Water Transfer Scheme——the middle route project

IntroductionInordertoalleviateseverewatershortagesinnorthChina ,ChinesecentralgovernmenthavestartedtoimplementtheSouth NorthWaterTransferScheme(SNWT) ,whichwilltransferwaterfromYangtzeRiverbasininthesouthtoHuang Huai Hai(YellowRiver ,HuaiheRiverandHaiheRi…     

Noise system在道路工程声环境影响预测中的应用研究

采用Noise system模型软件预测城市道路工程对周围敏感目标的影响.通过预测,拟建道路沿线路中心线两侧200 m范围内随距离增大受交通噪声影响呈明显衰减趋势.从路段达标距离分析,相对于昼间噪声达标距离,夜间噪声达标距离均大于昼间的达标距离,说明拟建道路夜间交通噪声影响大于昼间;沿线敏感点近期、中期、远期昼间、夜间噪声预测值均能满足《声环境质量标准》(GB 3096-2008)中2类、4a类标准;通过对首排在建小区均为3层以上建筑物不同垂直高度的影响进行预测,对居民区不会造成影响.     

浅层小尺度隐伏断层地表勘探的正演模拟及应用

采用二维声波方程有限差分法对浅层小尺度隐伏断层地质模型的地震波场响应进行数值模拟,分别从震源位于断层下降盘顶、断层上升盘顶及断层顶三个不同位置进行正演模拟,对地震波场在断层模型中的传播规律及其地震记录变化特征进行了详细分析。结果表明多个单炮记录的变化对比不仅可以对断层进行快速有效的判断,而且为分析断层几何类型、估计断裂带范围与宽度等方面提供重要的依据。同时将模拟结果应用到实际生产中,取得了较好的应用效果。该方法能有效辅助实际野外工作中对断层的判断,为合理设计观测系统及采集参数设置提供指导,对提高浅层地震勘探现场工作效率和精度具有重要作用。     

Are Bavarian Forests (southern Germany) at risk from ground-level ozone? Assessment using exposure and flux based ozone indices

Exposure and flux-based indices of O₃ risk were compared, at 19 forest locations across Bavaria in southern Germany from 2002 to 2005; leaf symptoms on mature beech trees found at these locations were also examined for O₃ injury. O₃ flux modelling was performed using continuously recorded O₃ concentrations in combination with meteorological and soil moisture data collected from Level II forest sites. O₃ measurements at nearby rural open-field sites proved appropriate as surrogates in cases where O₃ data were lacking at forest sites (with altitude-dependent average differences of about 10% between O₃ concentrations). Operational thresholds of biomass loss for both O₃ indices were exceeded at the majority of the forest locations, suggesting similar risk under long-term average climate conditions. However, exposure-based indices estimated higher O₃ risk during dry years as compared to the flux-based approach. In comparison, minor O₃-like leaf injury symptoms were detected only at a few of the forest sites investigated. Relationships between flux-based risk thresholds and tree response need to be established for mature forest stands for validation of predicted growth reductions under the prevailing O₃ regimes.